https://github.com/rs/SDWebImage
一個異步圖片下載及緩存的庫
只要有圖片的url,就能下載到圖片,使用SDWebImage的好處就是緩存機制,每次取圖片先判斷是否在內存中,再到緩存中查找,找到了直接加載,在緩存中找不到才重新下載,url也會記錄,是否是失效的url,是則不會再嘗試。下載到的圖片會緩存,用於下次可以直接加載。圖片下載,解碼,轉換都異步進行,不會阻塞主線程。
SDImageCache
設置緩存的類型,方式,路徑等
SDWebImageCompat
兼容類,定義了很多宏和一個轉換圖片的方法
SDWebImageDecoder
解碼器,讓圖片色彩轉換(涉及到color space)
SDWebImageDownloader
下載器,設置下載相關,要用到SDWebImageDownloaderOperation
SDWebImageDownloaderOperation
下載器的操作
SDWebImageManager
管理圖片下載,取消操作,判斷url是否已緩存等
SDWebImageOperation
圖片操作,後面很多類都要用到
SDWebImagePrefetcher
預抓取器,預先下載urls中的圖片
UIButton+WebCache
按鈕圖片的緩存
UIImage+GIF
緩存gif
NSData+ImageContentType
判斷圖片的類型,png/jpeg/gif/webp
UIImage+MultiFormat
緩存多種格式的圖片,要用到NSData+ImageContentType的判斷圖片類型方法和UIImage+GIF的判斷是否為gif圖片方法,以及ImageIO裡面的方法
UIImageView+HighlightedWebCache
緩存高亮圖片
UIImageView+WebCache
主要用到這個,加載及緩存UIImageView的圖片
UIView+WebCacheOperation
緩存的操作,有緩存,取消操作,移除緩存
先講一些比較邊緣的方法
圖片操作,只有頭文件,定義了協議SDWebImageOperation,裡面也只有取消方法
這個類後面很多類都要用到。
@protocol SDWebImageOperation <NSObject> - (void)cancel; @end
這個文件是NSData的分類,只有一個方法,傳入圖片數據,根據圖片的頭標識來確定圖片的類型。頭標識都不一樣,只需獲取文件頭字節,對比十六進制信息,判斷即可。
Webp格式開頭是0x52,但是還有可能是其他類型文件,所以要識別前綴為
52 49 46 46 對應 RIFF
後綴 57 45 42 50 對應 WEBP,符合這些條件的才是webp圖片文件
+ (NSString *)sd_contentTypeForImageData:(NSData *)data { uint8_t c; [data getBytes:&c length:1]; switch (c) { case 0xFF: return @"image/jpeg"; case 0x89: return @"image/png"; case 0x47: return @"image/gif"; case 0x49: case 0x4D: return @"image/tiff"; case 0x52: // R as RIFF for WEBP if ([data length] < 12) { return nil; } NSString *testString = [[NSString alloc] initWithData:[data subdataWithRange:NSMakeRange(0, 12)] encoding:NSASCIIStringEncoding]; if ([testString hasPrefix:@"RIFF"] && [testString hasSuffix:@"WEBP"]) { return @"image/webp"; } return nil; } return nil; }
兼容類,這個類定義了很多宏還有一個伸縮圖片的方法,宏就不說了
這個方法定義成C語言式的內聯方法
核心代碼如下,傳入key和圖片,如果key中出現@2x就設定scale為2.0,出現@3x就設定scale為3.0,然後伸縮圖片
CGFloat scale = [UIScreen mainScreen].scale; if (key.length >= 8) { NSRange range = [key rangeOfString:@"@2x."]; if (range.location != NSNotFound) { scale = 2.0; } range = [key rangeOfString:@"@3x."]; if (range.location != NSNotFound) { scale = 3.0; } } UIImage *scaledImage = [[UIImage alloc] initWithCGImage:image.CGImage scale:scale orientation:image.imageOrientation]; image = scaledImage;
這個是解碼器類,只定義了一個解碼方法,傳入圖片,返回的也是圖片
CGImageRef是一個指針類型。typedef struct CGImage *CGImageRef;
獲取傳入圖片的alpha信息,然後判斷是否符合蘋果定義的CGImageAlphaInfo,如果是就返回原圖片
CGImageRef imageRef = image.CGImage; CGImageAlphaInfo alpha = CGImageGetAlphaInfo(imageRef); BOOL anyAlpha = (alpha == kCGImageAlphaFirst || alpha == kCGImageAlphaLast || alpha == kCGImageAlphaPremultipliedFirst || alpha == kCGImageAlphaPremultipliedLast); if (anyAlpha) { return image; }
然後獲取圖片的寬高和color space(指定顏色值如何解釋),判斷color space是否支持,不支持就轉換為支持的模式(RGB),再用圖形上下文根據獲得的信息畫出來,釋放掉創建的CG指針再返回圖片
size_t width = CGImageGetWidth(imageRef); size_t height = CGImageGetHeight(imageRef); // current CGColorSpaceModel imageColorSpaceModel = CGColorSpaceGetModel(CGImageGetColorSpace(imageRef)); CGColorSpaceRef colorspaceRef = CGImageGetColorSpace(imageRef); bool unsupportedColorSpace = (imageColorSpaceModel == 0 || imageColorSpaceModel == -1 || imageColorSpaceModel == kCGColorSpaceModelCMYK || imageColorSpaceModel == kCGColorSpaceModelIndexed); if (unsupportedColorSpace) colorspaceRef = CGColorSpaceCreateDeviceRGB(); CGContextRef context = CGBitmapContextCreate(NULL, width, height, CGImageGetBitsPerComponent(imageRef), 0, colorspaceRef, kCGBitmapByteOrderDefault | kCGImageAlphaPremultipliedFirst); CGContextDrawImage(context, CGRectMake(0, 0, width, height), imageRef); CGImageRef imageRefWithAlpha = CGBitmapContextCreateImage(context); UIImage *imageWithAlpha = [UIImage imageWithCGImage:imageRefWithAlpha scale:image.scale orientation:image.imageOrientation]; if (unsupportedColorSpace) CGColorSpaceRelease(colorspaceRef); CGContextRelease(context); CGImageRelease(imageRefWithAlpha); return imageWithAlpha;
這個算是核心部分
緩存操作的UIView的分類,支持三種操作,也是整個庫中比較核心的操作。
但是首先我們來了解三種操作都要用到的存儲數據的方法。
這兩個方法用的是OC中runtime方法,原理是兩個文件關聯方法,和上層的存儲方法差不多,傳入value和key對應,取出也是根據key取出value
object傳入self即可
//傳入object和key和value,policy //policy即存儲方式,和聲明使用幾種屬性大致相同,有copy,retain,copy,retain_nonatomic,assign 五種) void objc_setAssociatedObject(id object, const void *key, id value, objc_AssociationPolicy policy)
//傳入object和key返回value
id objc_getAssociatedObject(id object, const void *key)
這個方法是三種操作都要用到的,獲得數據
這個方法是使用前面兩個方法,根據緩存加載數據
有緩存則從緩存中取出數據,沒有則緩存數據,返回格式是字典格式
- (NSMutableDictionary *)operationDictionary { NSMutableDictionary *operations = objc_getAssociatedObject(self, &loadOperationKey); if (operations) { return operations; } operations = [NSMutableDictionary dictionary]; objc_setAssociatedObject(self, &loadOperationKey, operations, OBJC_ASSOCIATION_RETAIN_NONATOMIC); return operations; }
接下來是三種操作
從獲得數據方法獲得數據,傳入key,先調用第二個方法停止操作,再根據key緩存數據
- (void)sd_setImageLoadOperation:(id)operation forKey:(NSString *)key { [self sd_cancelImageLoadOperationWithKey:key]; NSMutableDictionary *operationDictionary = [self operationDictionary]; [operationDictionary setObject:operation forKey:key]; }
二.取消加載圖片如果有緩存
先獲得方法一的返回字典數據,傳入key在返回的字典中查找是否已經存在,如果存在則取消所有操作
conformsToProtocol方法如果符合這個協議(協議中聲明了取消方法),調用協議中的取消方法
- (void)sd_cancelImageLoadOperationWithKey:(NSString *)key { // Cancel in progress downloader from queue NSMutableDictionary *operationDictionary = [self operationDictionary]; id operations = [operationDictionary objectForKey:key]; if (operations) { if ([operations isKindOfClass:[NSArray class]]) { for (id <SDWebImageOperation> operation in operations) { if (operation) { [operation cancel]; } } } else if ([operations conformsToProtocol:@protocol(SDWebImageOperation)]){ [(id<SDWebImageOperation>) operations cancel]; } [operationDictionary removeObjectForKey:key]; } }
獲得方法一的數據,傳入key如果key對應的數據在數據中則移除
- (void)sd_removeImageLoadOperationWithKey:(NSString *)key { NSMutableDictionary *operationDictionary = [self operationDictionary]; [operationDictionary removeObjectForKey:key]; }
下載器類,需要用到SDWebImageDownloaderOperation類,下載器操作,後面會說到
定義了一些屬性
//下載隊列的最大下載數 @property (assign, nonatomic) NSInteger maxConcurrentDownloads; //當前下載數 @property (readonly, nonatomic) NSUInteger currentDownloadCount; //下載超時的時間 @property (assign, nonatomic) NSTimeInterval downloadTimeout; //是否解壓圖片,默認是 @property (assign, nonatomic) BOOL shouldDecompressImages; //下載器順序,枚舉類型,有兩種,先進先出,還是後進先出 @property (assign, nonatomic) SDWebImageDownloaderExecutionOrder executionOrder; #####還有一些用戶屬性 //url證書 @property (strong, nonatomic) NSURLCredential *urlCredential; //用戶名 @property (strong, nonatomic) NSString *username; //密碼 @property (strong, nonatomic) NSString *password; //頭像過濾器,block指針類型,接受url和字典headers @property (nonatomic, copy) SDWebImageDownloaderHeadersFilterBlock headersFilter;
初始化了一些屬性和寫好http請求頭
- (id)init { if ((self = [super init])) { _operationClass = [SDWebImageDownloaderOperation class]; _shouldDecompressImages = YES; _executionOrder = SDWebImageDownloaderFIFOExecutionOrder; _downloadQueue = [NSOperationQueue new]; _downloadQueue.maxConcurrentOperationCount = 6; _URLCallbacks = [NSMutableDictionary new]; #ifdef SD_WEBP _HTTPHeaders = [@{@"Accept": @"image/webp,image/*;q=0.8"} mutableCopy]; #else _HTTPHeaders = [@{@"Accept": @"image/*;q=0.8"} mutableCopy]; #endif _barrierQueue = dispatch_queue_create("com.hackemist.SDWebImageDownloaderBarrierQueue", DISPATCH_QUEUE_CONCURRENT); _downloadTimeout = 15.0; } return self; }
傳入url,下載器選項(接下來會說),進度block,完成回調block
- (id <SDWebImageOperation>)downloadImageWithURL:(NSURL *)url options:(SDWebImageDownloaderOptions)options progress:(SDWebImageDownloaderProgressBlock)progressBlock completed:(SDWebImageDownloaderCompletedBlock)completedBlock;
這個方法非常復雜,定義了http請求,定義了SDWebImageDownloaderOperation實例,即下載器操作,初始化過程非常復雜,用到了http請求,用到了前面定義的那些屬性,最後返回這個操作,這個過程建議去看源碼
下載器的操作
直接看前面下載器需要用到的初始化方法
需要初始化了各種屬性,主要是幾個block,進度block,完成回調block,取消回調block
- (id)initWithRequest:(NSURLRequest *)request options:(SDWebImageDownloaderOptions)options progress:(SDWebImageDownloaderProgressBlock)progressBlock completed:(SDWebImageDownloaderCompletedBlock)completedBlock cancelled:(SDWebImageNoParamsBlock)cancelBlock { if ((self = [super init])) { _request = request; _shouldDecompressImages = YES; _shouldUseCredentialStorage = YES; _options = options; _progressBlock = [progressBlock copy]; _completedBlock = [completedBlock copy]; _cancelBlock = [cancelBlock copy]; _executing = NO; _finished = NO; _expectedSize = 0; responseFromCached = YES; } return self; }
圖片管理器,負責圖片的下載,轉換,緩存等
這裡先說明SDWebImageOptions
1 << X 這種是位運算符,1左移多少位,後面要用到,說明一下
typedef NS_OPTIONS(NSUInteger, SDWebImageOptions) { SDWebImageRetryFailed = 1 << 0,//無效url會加入黑名單,這個標志是禁用黑名單 SDWebImageLowPriority = 1 << 1, //低優先級,會後下載 SDWebImageCacheMemoryOnly = 1 << 2, //禁用磁盤緩存 SDWebImageProgressiveDownload = 1 << 3, //顯示下載進度,下載完才顯示 SDWebImageRefreshCached = 1 << 4, //重新從遠程緩存 SDWebImageContinueInBackground = 1 << 5, //在後台繼續下載圖片 SDWebImageHandleCookies = 1 << 6, //把cookie存儲到NSHTTPCookieStorey SDWebImageAllowInvalidSSLCertificates = 1 << 7, //允許非信任ssl證書 SDWebImageHighPriority = 1 << 8, //高優先級,插隊下載隊列 SDWebImageDelayPlaceholder = 1 << 9, //顯示的是替代圖片(初始化圖片) SDWebImageTransformAnimatedImage = 1 << 10, //轉換圖片大小 SDWebImageAvoidAutoSetImage = 1 << 11 //避免自動設置圖片(想手動的時候設置) };
這裡包含了各種選擇
核心方法
傳入url,上面的options,進度block,完成回調block
- (id <SDWebImageOperation>)downloadImageWithURL:(NSURL *)url options:(SDWebImageOptions)options progress:(SDWebImageDownloaderProgressBlock)progressBlock ?completed:(SDWebImageCompletionWithFinishedBlock)completedBlock;
實例化過程請去看源碼
說下其他方法
一個傳入key判斷圖片是否存在存儲空間的方法
使用的是NSFileManager的方法
- (BOOL)diskImageExistsWithKey:(NSString *)key { BOOL exists = NO; exists = [[NSFileManager defaultManager] fileExistsAtPath:[self defaultCachePathForKey:key]]; if (!exists) { exists = [[NSFileManager defaultManager] fileExistsAtPath:[[self defaultCachePathForKey:key] stringByDeletingPathExtension]]; } return exists; }
還有從存儲空間或者緩存取出圖片的方法
self.memCache是AutoPurgeCache(單純繼承自NSCache)的實例
從存儲空間取圖片要先判斷內存中是否存在,然後才從存儲空間中查找
- (UIImage *)imageFromMemoryCacheForKey:(NSString *)key { return [self.memCache objectForKey:key]; } - (UIImage *)imageFromDiskCacheForKey:(NSString *)key { UIImage *image = [self imageFromMemoryCacheForKey:key]; if (image) { return image; } UIImage *diskImage = [self diskImageForKey:key]; if (diskImage && self.shouldCacheImagesInMemory) { NSUInteger cost = SDCacheCostForImage(diskImage); [self.memCache setObject:diskImage forKey:key cost:cost]; } return diskImage; } - (UIImage *)diskImageForKey:(NSString *)key { NSData *data = [self diskImageDataBySearchingAllPathsForKey:key]; if (data) { UIImage *image = [UIImage sd_imageWithData:data]; image = [self scaledImageForKey:key image:image]; if (self.shouldDecompressImages) { image = [UIImage decodedImageWithImage:image]; } return image; } else { return nil; } }
還有幾個清除方法
- (void)clearDisk; - (void)clearMemory; - (void)cleanDisk; - (void)cleanDiskWithCompletionBlock; ...
預抓取器,用來預抓取圖片
核心方法
//預抓取圖片 - (void)prefetchURLs:(NSArray *)urls progress:(SDWebImagePrefetcherProgressBlock)progressBlock completed:(SDWebImagePrefetcherCompletionBlock)completionBlock; //取消預抓取圖片 - (void)cancelPrefetching;
先來看預抓取圖片
傳入url,進度block,完成回調block
首先取消抓取,然後重新開始
- (void)prefetchURLs:(NSArray *)urls progress:(SDWebImagePrefetcherProgressBlock)progressBlock completed:(SDWebImagePrefetcherCompletionBlock)completionBlock { [self cancelPrefetching]; // Prevent duplicate prefetch request self.startedTime = CFAbsoluteTimeGetCurrent(); self.prefetchURLs = urls; self.completionBlock = completionBlock; self.progressBlock = progressBlock; if (urls.count == 0) { if (completionBlock) { completionBlock(0,0); } } else { NSUInteger listCount = self.prefetchURLs.count; for (NSUInteger i = 0; i < self.maxConcurrentDownloads && self.requestedCount < listCount; i++) { [self startPrefetchingAtIndex:i]; } } }
最後調用startPrefetchingAtIndex:方法,再調用self.manager的核心方法,即開始下載圖片
- (id <SDWebImageOperation>)downloadImageWithURL:(NSURL *)url options:(SDWebImageOptions)options progress:(SDWebImageDownloaderProgressBlock)progressBlock completed:(SDWebImageCompletionWithFinishedBlock)completedBlock;
最後是各種分類,即直接再初始化的控件設置圖片,支持UIButton,UIImage,UIImageView,大同小異,我直接說UIImageView+WebCache
很多加載方法最終都會以缺省參數方式或者直接調用這個方法,傳入一個URL,一個用來初始化的image,一個options(枚舉,下面詳細說明),一個progressBlock(返回圖片接受進度等),一個completedBlock(完成回調block)
- (void)sd_setImageWithURL:(NSURL *)url placeholderImage:(UIImage *)placeholder options:(SDWebImageOptions)options progress:(SDWebImageDownloaderProgressBlock)progressBlock completed:(SDWebImageCompletionBlock)completedBlock;
首先根據url緩存圖片,這裡用到的是OC的runtime中的關聯方法(見4)
objc_setAssociatedObject(self, &imageURLKey, url, OBJC_ASSOCIATION_RETAIN_NONATOMIC);
然後判斷options(見7)是其他選擇則直接給圖片賦值placehoder圖片,這裡判斷使用的是 & 與 位運算符,SDWebImageDelayPlacehoder是 1 << 9,1左移9位與options相與
if (!(options & SDWebImageDelayPlaceholder)) { dispatch_main_async_safe(^{ self.image = placeholder; }); }
如果url存在,則定義圖片操作,使用圖片管理器的單例來調用核心方法(下載圖片方法)
id <SDWebImageOperation> operation = [SDWebImageManager.sharedManager downloadImageWithURL:url options:options progress:progressBlock completed:^(UIImage *image, NSError *error, SDImageCacheType cacheType, BOOL finished, NSURL *imageURL) { //過程省略 }
gif的實現使用了ImageIO中的CGImageSourceRef
用獲得的gif數據得到CGImageSourceRef,然後算出時間,在這個時間內把圖片一幀一幀的放進一個數組,最後再把這個數組和時間轉成圖片,就成了gif
+ (UIImage *)sd_animatedGIFWithData:(NSData *)data { if (!data) { return nil; } CGImageSourceRef source = CGImageSourceCreateWithData((__bridge CFDataRef)data, NULL); size_t count = CGImageSourceGetCount(source); UIImage *animatedImage; if (count <= 1) { animatedImage = [[UIImage alloc] initWithData:data]; } else { NSMutableArray *images = [NSMutableArray array]; NSTimeInterval duration = 0.0f; for (size_t i = 0; i < count; i++) { CGImageRef image = CGImageSourceCreateImageAtIndex(source, i, NULL); duration += [self sd_frameDurationAtIndex:i source:source]; [images addObject:[UIImage imageWithCGImage:image scale:[UIScreen mainScreen].scale orientation:UIImageOrientationUp]]; CGImageRelease(image); } if (!duration) { duration = (1.0f / 10.0f) * count; } animatedImage = [UIImage animatedImageWithImages:images duration:duration]; } CFRelease(source); return animatedImage; }
看完SDWebImage的源碼後感覺學到了很多東西,特別是緩存那一塊寫的特別好。ImageIO和objc/runtime很值得學習一下。也感覺到設計出這樣一個庫需要很強大的知識面,非常嚴謹的思想,真的不容易。
何問起
公眾號,經常寫一些開源框架源碼解析總結等,高質量文章