上一篇文章介紹了藍牙的技術知識,這裡我們具體說明一下中心模式的應用場景。主設備(手機去掃描連接外設,發現外設服務和屬性,操作服務和屬性的應用。一般來說,外設(藍牙設備,比如智能手環之類的東西),會由硬件工程師開發好,並定義好設備提供的服務,每個服務對於的特征,每個特征的屬性(只讀,只寫,通知等等),本文例子的業務場景,就是用一手機app去讀寫藍牙設備。
iOS連接外設的代碼實現流程
1. 建立中心角色
2. 掃描外設(discover)
3. 連接外設(connect)
4. 掃描外設中的服務和特征(discover)
- 4.1 獲取外設的services
- 4.2 獲取外設的Characteristics,獲取Characteristics的值,獲取Characteristics的Descriptor和Descriptor的值
5. 與外設做數據交互(explore and interact)
6. 訂閱Characteristic的通知
7. 斷開連接(disconnect)
准備環境
1 Xcode
2 開發證書和手機(藍牙程序需要使用使用真機調試,使用模擬器也可以調試,但是方法很蛋疼,我會放在最後說)
3 藍牙外設
實現步驟
1 導入CoreBluetooth頭文件,建立主設備管理類,設置主設備委托
#import@interface ViewController : UIViewController @interface ViewController (){ //系統藍牙設備管理對象,可以把他理解為主設備,通過他,可以去掃描和鏈接外設 CBCentralManager *manager; } - (void)viewDidLoad { [super viewDidLoad]; /* 設置主設備的委托,CBCentralManagerDelegate 必須實現的: - (void)centralManagerDidUpdateState:(CBCentralManager *)central;//主設備狀態改變的委托,在初始化CBCentralManager的適合會打開設備,只有當設備正確打開後才能使用 其他選擇實現的委托中比較重要的: - (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didDiscoverPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral advertisementData:(NSDictionary *)advertisementData RSSI:(NSNumber *)RSSI; //找到外設的委托 - (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didConnectPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral;//連接外設成功的委托 - (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didFailToConnectPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral error:(NSError *)error;//外設連接失敗的委托 - (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didDisconnectPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral error:(NSError *)error;//斷開外設的委托 */ //初始化並設置委托和線程隊列,最好一個線程的參數可以為nil,默認會就main線程 manager = [[CBCentralManager alloc]initWithDelegate:self queue:dispatch_get_main_queue()];
2 掃描外設(discover),掃描外設的方法我們放在centralManager成功打開的委托中,因為只有設備成功打開,才能開始掃描,否則會報錯。
-(void)centralManagerDidUpdateState:(CBCentralManager *)central{ switch (central.state) { case CBCentralManagerStateUnknown: NSLog(@">>>CBCentralManagerStateUnknown"); break; case CBCentralManagerStateResetting: NSLog(@">>>CBCentralManagerStateResetting"); break; case CBCentralManagerStateUnsupported: NSLog(@">>>CBCentralManagerStateUnsupported"); break; case CBCentralManagerStateUnauthorized: NSLog(@">>>CBCentralManagerStateUnauthorized"); break; case CBCentralManagerStatePoweredOff: NSLog(@">>>CBCentralManagerStatePoweredOff"); break; case CBCentralManagerStatePoweredOn: NSLog(@">>>CBCentralManagerStatePoweredOn"); //開始掃描周圍的外設 /* 第一個參數nil就是掃描周圍所有的外設,掃描到外設後會進入 - (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didDiscoverPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral advertisementData:(NSDictionary *)advertisementData RSSI:(NSNumber *)RSSI; */ [manager scanForPeripheralsWithServices:nil options:nil]; break; default: break; } } //掃描到設備會進入方法 -(void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didDiscoverPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral advertisementData:(NSDictionary *)advertisementData RSSI:(NSNumber *)RSSI{ NSLog(@"當掃描到設備:%@",peripheral.name); //接下來可以連接設備 }
3 連接外設(connect)
//掃描到設備會進入方法 -(void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didDiscoverPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral advertisementData:(NSDictionary *)advertisementData RSSI:(NSNumber *)RSSI{ //接下連接我們的測試設備,如果你沒有設備,可以下載一個app叫lightbule的app去模擬一個設備 //這裡自己去設置下連接規則,我設置的是P開頭的設備 if ([peripheral.name hasPrefix:@"P"]){ /* 一個主設備最多能連7個外設,每個外設最多只能給一個主設備連接,連接成功,失敗,斷開會進入各自的委托 - (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didConnectPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral;//連接外設成功的委托 - (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didFailToConnectPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral error:(NSError *)error;//外設連接失敗的委托 - (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didDisconnectPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral error:(NSError *)error;//斷開外設的委托 */ //連接設備 [manager connectPeripheral:peripheral options:nil]; } } //連接到Peripherals-成功 - (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didConnectPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral { NSLog(@">>>連接到名稱為(%@)的設備-成功",peripheral.name); } //連接到Peripherals-失敗 -(void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didFailToConnectPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral error:(NSError *)error { NSLog(@">>>連接到名稱為(%@)的設備-失敗,原因:%@",[peripheral name],[error localizedDescription]); } //Peripherals斷開連接 - (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didDisconnectPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral error:(NSError *)error{ NSLog(@">>>外設連接斷開連接 %@: %@\n", [peripheral name], [error localizedDescription]); }
4 掃描外設中的服務和特征(discover)
設備連接成功後,就可以掃描設備的服務了,同樣是通過委托形式,掃描到結果後會進入委托方法。但是這個委托已經不再是主設備的委托(CBCentralManagerDelegate),而是外設的委托(CBPeripheralDelegate),這個委托包含了主設備與外設交互的許多 回叫方法,包括獲取services,獲取characteristics,獲取characteristics的值,獲取characteristics的Descriptor,和Descriptor的值,寫數據,讀rssi,用通知的方式訂閱數據等等。
4.1 獲取外設的services
//連接到Peripherals-成功 - (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didConnectPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral { NSLog(@">>>連接到名稱為(%@)的設備-成功",peripheral.name); //設置的peripheral委托CBPeripheralDelegate //@interface ViewController : UIViewController[peripheral setDelegate:self]; //掃描外設Services,成功後會進入方法:-(void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didDiscoverServices:(NSError *)error{ [peripheral discoverServices:nil]; } //掃描到Services -(void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didDiscoverServices:(NSError *)error{ // NSLog(@">>>掃描到服務:%@",peripheral.services); if (error) { NSLog(@">>>Discovered services for %@ with error: %@", peripheral.name, [error localizedDescription]); return; } for (CBService *service in peripheral.services) { NSLog(@"%@",service.UUID); //掃描每個service的Characteristics,掃描到後會進入方法: -(void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didDiscoverCharacteristicsForService:(CBService *)service error:(NSError *)error [peripheral discoverCharacteristics:nil forService:service]; } }
4.2 獲取外設的Characteristics,獲取Characteristics的值,獲取Characteristics的Descriptor和Descriptor的值
//掃描到Characteristics -(void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didDiscoverCharacteristicsForService:(CBService *)service error:(NSError *)error{ if (error) { NSLog(@"error Discovered characteristics for %@ with error: %@", service.UUID, [error localizedDescription]); return; } for (CBCharacteristic *characteristic in service.characteristics) { NSLog(@"service:%@ 的 Characteristic: %@",service.UUID,characteristic.UUID); } //獲取Characteristic的值,讀到數據會進入方法:-(void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didUpdateValueForCharacteristic:(CBCharacteristic *)characteristic error:(NSError *)error for (CBCharacteristic *characteristic in service.characteristics){ { [peripheral readValueForCharacteristic:characteristic]; } } //搜索Characteristic的Descriptors,讀到數據會進入方法:-(void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didDiscoverDescriptorsForCharacteristic:(CBCharacteristic *)characteristic error:(NSError *)error for (CBCharacteristic *characteristic in service.characteristics){ [peripheral discoverDescriptorsForCharacteristic:characteristic]; } } //獲取的charateristic的值 -(void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didUpdateValueForCharacteristic:(CBCharacteristic *)characteristic error:(NSError *)error{ //打印出characteristic的UUID和值 //!注意,value的類型是NSData,具體開發時,會根據外設協議制定的方式去解析數據 NSLog(@"characteristic uuid:%@ value:%@",characteristic.UUID,characteristic.value); } //搜索到Characteristic的Descriptors -(void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didDiscoverDescriptorsForCharacteristic:(CBCharacteristic *)characteristic error:(NSError *)error{ //打印出Characteristic和他的Descriptors NSLog(@"characteristic uuid:%@",characteristic.UUID); for (CBDescriptor *d in characteristic.descriptors) { NSLog(@"Descriptor uuid:%@",d.UUID); } } //獲取到Descriptors的值 -(void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didUpdateValueForDescriptor:(CBDescriptor *)descriptor error:(NSError *)error{ //打印出DescriptorsUUID 和value //這個descriptor都是對於characteristic的描述,一般都是字符串,所以這裡我們轉換成字符串去解析 NSLog(@"characteristic uuid:%@ value:%@",[NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@",descriptor.UUID],descriptor.value); }
5 把數據寫到Characteristic中
//寫數據 -(void)writeCharacteristic:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral characteristic:(CBCharacteristic *)characteristic value:(NSData *)value{ //打印出 characteristic 的權限,可以看到有很多種,這是一個NS_OPTIONS,就是可以同時用於好幾個值,常見的有read,write,notify,indicate,知知道這幾個基本就夠用了,前連個是讀寫權限,後兩個都是通知,兩種不同的通知方式。 /* typedef NS_OPTIONS(NSUInteger, CBCharacteristicProperties) { CBCharacteristicPropertyBroadcast = 0x01, CBCharacteristicPropertyRead = 0x02, CBCharacteristicPropertyWriteWithoutResponse = 0x04, CBCharacteristicPropertyWrite = 0x08, CBCharacteristicPropertyNotify = 0x10, CBCharacteristicPropertyIndicate = 0x20, CBCharacteristicPropertyAuthenticatedSignedWrites = 0x40, CBCharacteristicPropertyExtendedProperties = 0x80, CBCharacteristicPropertyNotifyEncryptionRequired NS_ENUM_AVAILABLE(NA, 6_0) = 0x100, CBCharacteristicPropertyIndicateEncryptionRequired NS_ENUM_AVAILABLE(NA, 6_0) = 0x200 }; */ NSLog(@"%lu", (unsigned long)characteristic.properties); //只有 characteristic.properties 有write的權限才可以寫 if(characteristic.properties & CBCharacteristicPropertyWrite){ /* 最好一個type參數可以為CBCharacteristicWriteWithResponse或type:CBCharacteristicWriteWithResponse,區別是是否會有反饋 */ [peripheral writeValue:value forCharacteristic:characteristic type:CBCharacteristicWriteWithResponse]; }else{ NSLog(@"該字段不可寫!"); } }
6 訂閱Characteristic的通知
//設置通知 -(void)notifyCharacteristic:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral characteristic:(CBCharacteristic *)characteristic{ //設置通知,數據通知會進入:didUpdateValueForCharacteristic方法 [peripheral setNotifyValue:YES forCharacteristic:characteristic]; } //取消通知 -(void)cancelNotifyCharacteristic:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral characteristic:(CBCharacteristic *)characteristic{ [peripheral setNotifyValue:NO forCharacteristic:characteristic]; }
7 斷開連接(disconnect)
//停止掃描並斷開連接 -(void)disconnectPeripheral:(CBCentralManager *)centralManager peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral{ //停止掃描 [centralManager stopScan]; //斷開連接 [centralManager cancelPeripheralConnection:peripheral]; }
8 模擬器藍牙調試,慎用,最好還是用真機去調試。
由於在iPhone 4s之後的iOS才支持BLE,新一代的這些iOS設備又都不便宜,在做測試的時候,用iOS模擬器進行調試,可以節約一些開發成本。怎麼在iOS模擬器上調試BLE,
蘋果最初給出的說明是,支持BLE的mac機子上可以用模擬器進行調試,並給出了一份技術文檔(傳送門),惡心的是,後來蘋果抽風,又把這份文檔移除,
並且把iOS 7.0的模擬器上對BLE的支持也移除掉了(難道是想讓大家多買設備測試?Apple sucks.)後面,網上搜了一下,解決辦法如下:
1. 買一個CSR藍牙4.0 USB適配器(某寶上大概30塊錢),在機子上插入該物(你懂的)
2. 在Terminal下敲入sudo nvram bluetoothHostControllerSwitchBehavior="never" , 重啟Mac。
3. 用XCode 4.6調試代碼,在iOS 6.1的模擬器上跑程序(用XCode 5.0跑iOS 7.0模擬器會拋異常,原因上面詳訴過了,Apple sucks,你懂的)
如何降低模擬器的iOS版本呢?
XCode->Preferences->Downloads裡面有很多simulators你可以下載
選擇個6.1的下載好了
代碼下載:
我博客中大部分示例代碼都上傳到了github,地址是:https://github.com/coolnameismy/demo
本文代碼存放目錄是BleDemo
如果大家支持,請follow我的github賬號,並star我的項目,有其他問題可以在blog中給我留言 blog的RSS訂閱