iOS開發——網絡請求數據處理
編輯：IOS開發綜合
之前博客中介紹了iOS中常用的網絡框架AFNetworking，其中常用的POST請求方法如下：
AFHTTPRequestOperationManager *manager = [AFHTTPRequestOperationManager manager];
NSDictionary *parameters = @{@"foo": @"bar"};
[manager POST:@"http://example.com/resources.json" parameters:parameters success:^(AFHTTPRequestOperation *operation, id responseObject) {
NSLog(@"JSON: %@", responseObject);
} failure:^(AFHTTPRequestOperation *operation, NSError *error) {
NSLog(@"Error: %@", error);
}];
我們可以看到請求成功後返回給我們的是一個已經解析好的數據字典responseObject，然後我們需要做的就是處理這個數據字典。處理字典常用的方法是利用KVC字典轉模型。字典轉模型我這裡總結兩種方法：（1）自己編寫代碼 （2）利用第三方框架MJExtension
1.自己編寫代碼（只使用與簡單的字典轉模型）
假如字典如下：
NSDictionary *dict = @{
@"name" : @"Jack",
@"icon" : @"lufy.png",
@"age" : @20
};
建立模型User，User.h中代碼如下：
@interface User : NSObject
@property (copy, nonatomic) NSString *name;
@property (copy, nonatomic) NSString *icon;
@property (assign, nonatomic) int age;
+(instancetype)accountWithDict:(NSDictionary *)dic;
@end
User.m中代碼如下：
// 使用KVC 字典轉模型 如此方便，省去了大量的賦值代碼
+(instancetype)accountWithDict:(NSDictionary *)dic
{
User *user = [[self alloc] init];
[user setValuesForKeysWithDictionary:dic];
return user;
}
然後我們就可以直接利用User的類方法+(instancetype)accountWithDict:(NSDictionary *)dic來實現字典轉模型。
2.利用第三方框架MJExtension（建議使用）
MJExtension is a fast, convenient and nonintrusive conversion between JSON and model.
MJExtension是一個轉換速度快、使用簡單方便的字典轉模型框架
使用前先將MJExtensionExample/MJExtensionExample/MJExtension文件夾中的所有源代碼拽入項目中
導入主頭文件：#import "MJExtension.h"
MJExtension.h
MJConst.h
MJConst.m
MJFoundation.h
MJFoundation.m
MJIvar.h
MJIvar.m
MJType.h
MJType.m
NSObject+MJCoding.h
NSObject+MJCoding.m
NSObject+MJIvar.h
NSObject+MJIvar.m
NSObject+MJKeyValue.h
NSObject+MJKeyValue.m
（1）最簡單的字典轉模型
typedef enum {
SexMale,
SexFemale
} Sex;
@interface User : NSObject
@property (copy, nonatomic) NSString *name;
@property (copy, nonatomic) NSString *icon;
@property (assign, nonatomic) unsigned int age;
@property (copy, nonatomic) NSString *height;
@property (strong, nonatomic) NSNumber *money;
@property (assign, nonatomic) Sex sex;
@property (assign, nonatomic, getter=isGay) BOOL gay;
@end
/***********************************************/
NSDictionary *dict = @{
@"name" : @"Jack",
@"icon" : @"lufy.png",
@"age" : @20,
@"height" : @"1.55",
@"money" : @100.9,
@"sex" : @(SexFemale),
@"gay" : @"true"
// @"gay" : @"1"
// @"gay" : @"NO"
};
// JSON -> User
User *user = [User mj_objectWithKeyValues:dict];
NSLog(@"name=%@, icon=%@, age=%zd, height=%@, money=%@, sex=%d, gay=%d", user.name, user.icon, user.age, user.height, user.money, user.sex, user.gay);
// name=Jack, icon=lufy.png, age=20, height=1.550000, money=100.9, sex=1
（2）模型中嵌套模型
@interface Status : NSObject
@property (copy, nonatomic) NSString *text;
@property (strong, nonatomic) User *user;
@property (strong, nonatomic) Status *retweetedStatus;
@end
/***********************************************/
NSDictionary *dict = @{
@"text" : @"Agree!Nice weather!",
@"user" : @{
@"name" : @"Jack",
@"icon" : @"lufy.png"
},
@"retweetedStatus" : @{
@"text" : @"Nice weather!",
@"user" : @{
@"name" : @"Rose",
@"icon" : @"nami.png"
}
}
};
// JSON -> Status
Status *status = [Status mj_objectWithKeyValues:dict];
NSString *text = status.text;
NSString *name = status.user.name;
NSString *icon = status.user.icon;
NSLog(@"text=%@, name=%@, icon=%@", text, name, icon);
// text=Agree!Nice weather!, name=Jack, icon=lufy.png
NSString *text2 = status.retweetedStatus.text;
NSString *name2 = status.retweetedStatus.user.name;
NSString *icon2 = status.retweetedStatus.user.icon;
NSLog(@"text2=%@, name2=%@, icon2=%@", text2, name2, icon2);
// text2=Nice weather!, name2=Rose, icon2=nami.png
（3）模型中有個數組屬性，數組裡面又要裝著其他模型
@interface Ad : NSObject
@property (copy, nonatomic) NSString *image;
@property (copy, nonatomic) NSString *url;
@end
@interface StatusResult : NSObject
/** Contatins status model */
@property (strong, nonatomic) NSMutableArray *statuses;
/** Contatins ad model */
@property (strong, nonatomic) NSArray *ads;
@property (strong, nonatomic) NSNumber *totalNumber;
@end
/***********************************************/
// Tell MJExtension what type model will be contained in statuses and ads.
[StatusResult mj_setupObjectClassInArray:^NSDictionary *{
return @{
@"statuses" : @"Status",
// @"statuses" : [Status class],
@"ads" : @"Ad"
// @"ads" : [Ad class]
};
}];
// Equals: StatusResult.m implements +mj_objectClassInArray method.
NSDictionary *dict = @{
@"statuses" : @[
@{
@"text" : @"Nice weather!",
@"user" : @{
@"name" : @"Rose",
@"icon" : @"nami.png"
}
},
@{
@"text" : @"Go camping tomorrow!",
@"user" : @{
@"name" : @"Jack",
@"icon" : @"lufy.png"
}
}
],
@"ads" : @[
@{
@"image" : @"ad01.png",
@"url" : @"http://www.ad01.com"
},
@{
@"image" : @"ad02.png",
@"url" : @"http://www.ad02.com"
}
],
@"totalNumber" : @"2014"
};
// JSON -> StatusResult
StatusResult *result = [StatusResult mj_objectWithKeyValues:dict];
NSLog(@"totalNumber=%@", result.totalNumber);
// totalNumber=2014
// Printing
for (Status *status in result.statuses) {
NSString *text = status.text;
NSString *name = status.user.name;
NSString *icon = status.user.icon;
NSLog(@"text=%@, name=%@, icon=%@", text, name, icon);
}
// text=Nice weather!, name=Rose, icon=nami.png
// text=Go camping tomorrow!, name=Jack, icon=lufy.png
// Printing
for (Ad *ad in result.ads) {
NSLog(@"image=%@, url=%@", ad.image, ad.url);
}
// image=ad01.png, url=http://www.ad01.com
// image=ad02.png, url=http://www.ad02.com
（4）模型中的屬性名和字典中的key不相同(或者需要多級映射)
@interface Bag : NSObject
@property (copy, nonatomic) NSString *name;
@property (assign, nonatomic) double price;
@end
@interface Student : NSObject
@property (copy, nonatomic) NSString *ID;
@property (copy, nonatomic) NSString *desc;
@property (copy, nonatomic) NSString *nowName;
@property (copy, nonatomic) NSString *oldName;
@property (copy, nonatomic) NSString *nameChangedTime;
@property (strong, nonatomic) Bag *bag;
@end
/***********************************************/
// How to map
[Student mj_setupReplacedKeyFromPropertyName:^NSDictionary *{
return @{
@"ID" : @"id",
@"desc" : @"desciption",
@"oldName" : @"name.oldName",
@"nowName" : @"name.newName",
@"nameChangedTime" : @"name.info[1].nameChangedTime",
@"bag" : @"other.bag"
};
}];
// Equals: Student.m implements +mj_replacedKeyFromPropertyName method.
NSDictionary *dict = @{
@"id" : @"20",
@"desciption" : @"kids",
@"name" : @{
@"newName" : @"lufy",
@"oldName" : @"kitty",
@"info" : @[
@"test-data",
@{
@"nameChangedTime" : @"2013-08"
}
]
},
@"other" : @{
@"bag" : @{
@"name" : @"a red bag",
@"price" : @100.7
}
}
};
// JSON -> Student
Student *stu = [Student mj_objectWithKeyValues:dict];
// Printing
NSLog(@"ID=%@, desc=%@, oldName=%@, nowName=%@, nameChangedTime=%@",
stu.ID, stu.desc, stu.oldName, stu.nowName, stu.nameChangedTime);
// ID=20, desc=kids, oldName=kitty, nowName=lufy, nameChangedTime=2013-08
NSLog(@"bagName=%@, bagPrice=%f", stu.bag.name, stu.bag.price);
// bagName=a red bag, bagPrice=100.700000
（5）將一個字典數組轉成模型數組
NSArray *dictArray = @[
@{
@"name" : @"Jack",
@"icon" : @"lufy.png"
},
@{
@"name" : @"Rose",
@"icon" : @"nami.png"
}
];
// JSON array -> User array
NSArray *userArray = [User mj_objectArrayWithKeyValuesArray:dictArray];
// Printing
for (User *user in userArray) {
NSLog(@"name=%@, icon=%@", user.name, user.icon);
}
// name=Jack, icon=lufy.png
// name=Rose, icon=nami.png
（6）將一個模型轉成字典
// New model
User *user = [[User alloc] init];
user.name = @"Jack";
user.icon = @"lufy.png";
Status *status = [[Status alloc] init];
status.user = user;
status.text = @"Nice mood!";
// Status -> JSON
NSDictionary *statusDict = status.mj_keyValues;
NSLog(@"%@", statusDict);
/*
{
text = "Nice mood!";
user = {
icon = "lufy.png";
name = Jack;
};
}
*/
// More complex situation
Student *stu = [[Student alloc] init];
stu.ID = @"123";
stu.oldName = @"rose";
stu.nowName = @"jack";
stu.desc = @"handsome";
stu.nameChangedTime = @"2018-09-08";
Bag *bag = [[Bag alloc] init];
bag.name = @"a red bag";
bag.price = 205;
stu.bag = bag;
NSDictionary *stuDict = stu.mj_keyValues;
NSLog(@"%@", stuDict);
/*
{
ID = 123;
bag = {
name = "\U5c0f\U4e66\U5305";
price = 205;
};
desc = handsome;
nameChangedTime = "2018-09-08";
nowName = jack;
oldName = rose;
}
*/
（7）將一個模型數組轉成字典數組
// New model array
User *user1 = [[User alloc] init];
user1.name = @"Jack";
user1.icon = @"lufy.png";
User *user2 = [[User alloc] init];
user2.name = @"Rose";
user2.icon = @"nami.png";
NSArray *userArray = @[user1, user2];
// Model array -> JSON array
NSArray *dictArray = [User mj_keyValuesArrayWithObjectArray:userArray];
NSLog(@"%@", dictArray);
/*
(
{
icon = "lufy.png";
name = Jack;
},
{
icon = "nami.png";
name = Rose;
}
)
*/
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