/*******************************************************************************************
NSString
*******************************************************************************************/
//一、NSString   
/*----------------創建字符串的方法----------------*/

//1、創建常量字符串。
NSString *astring = @"This is a String!";

//2、創建空字符串，給予賦值。

NSString *astring = [[NSString alloc] init];
astring = @"This is a String!";
[astring release];
NSLog(@"astring:%@",astring);
//

NSString *astring = [[NSString alloc] init];
NSLog(@"0x%.8x", astring);
astring=@"This is a String!";
NSLog(@"0x%.8x", astring);
[astring release];
NSLog(@"astring:%@",astring);

 

//3、在以上方法中，提升速度:initWithString方法

NSString *astring = [[NSString alloc] initWithString:@"This is a String!"];
NSLog(@"astring:%@",astring);
[astring release];

 

//4、用標准c創建字符串:initWithCString方法

char *Cstring = "This is a String!";
NSString *astring = [[NSString alloc] initWithCString:Cstring];
NSLog(@"astring:%@",astring);
[astring release];

 

//5、創建格式化字符串:占位符（由一個%加一個字符組成）

int i = 1;
int j = 2;
NSString *astring = [[NSString alloc] initWithString:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"%d.This is %i string!",i,j]];
NSLog(@"astring:%@",astring);
[astring release];

 

//6、創建臨時字符串

NSString *astring;
astring = [NSString stringWithCString:"This is a temporary string"];
NSLog(@"astring:%@",astring);

 

/*----------------從文件讀取字符串:initWithContentsOfFile方法----------------*/   

NSString *path = @"astring.text";
NSString *astring = [[NSString alloc] initWithContentsOfFile:path];
NSLog(@"astring:%@",astring);
[astring release];

/*----------------寫字符串到文件:writeToFile方法----------------*/   

NSString *astring = [[NSString alloc] initWithString:@"This is a String!"];
NSLog(@"astring:%@",astring);
NSString *path = @"astring.text";   
[astring writeToFile: path atomically: YES];
[astring release];   

 

/*----------------比較兩個字符串----------------*/       

//用C比較:strcmp函數

char string1[] = "string!";
char string2[] = "string!";
if(strcmp(string1, string2) = = 0)
{
NSLog(@"1");
}

 

//isEqualToString方法   
NSString *astring01 = @"This is a String!";
NSString *astring02 = @"This is a String!";
BOOL result = [astring01 isEqualToString:astring02];
NSLog(@"result:%d",result);

 

//compare方法(comparer返回的三種值)   
NSString *astring01 = @"This is a String!";
NSString *astring02 = @"This is a String!";   
BOOL result = [astring01 compare:astring02] = = NSOrderedSame;   
NSLog(@"result:%d",result);   
//NSOrderedSame判斷兩者內容是否相同

 

NSString *astring01 = @"This is a String!";
NSString *astring02 = @"this is a String!";
BOOL result = [astring01 compare:astring02] = = NSOrderedAscending;   
NSLog(@"result:%d",result);
//NSOrderedAscending判斷兩對象值的大小(按字母順序進行比較，astring02大於astring01為真)

 

NSString *astring01 = @"this is a String!";
NSString *astring02 = @"This is a String!";
BOOL result = [astring01 compare:astring02] = = NSOrderedDescending;   
NSLog(@"result:%d",result);    
//NSOrderedDescending判斷兩對象值的大小(按字母順序進行比較，astring02小於astring01為真)

 

//不考慮大小寫比較字符串1
NSString *astring01 = @"this is a String!";
NSString *astring02 = @"This is a String!";
BOOL result = [astring01 caseInsensitiveCompare:astring02] = = NSOrderedSame;   
NSLog(@"result:%d",result);    
//NSOrderedDescending判斷兩對象值的大小(按字母順序進行比較，astring02小於astring01為真)

 

//不考慮大小寫比較字符串2
NSString *astring01 = @"this is a String!";
NSString *astring02 = @"This is a String!";
BOOL result = [astring01 compare:astring02
options:NSCaseInsensitiveSearch | NSNumericSearch] = = NSOrderedSame;   
NSLog(@"result:%d",result);    

//NSCaseInsensitiveSearch:不區分大小寫比較 NSLiteralSearch:進行完全比較，區分大小寫 NSNumericSearch:比較字符串的字符個數，而不是字符值。

/*----------------改變字符串的大小寫----------------*/   

NSString *string1 = @"A String";
NSString *string2 = @"String";
NSLog(@"string1:%@",[string1 uppercaseString]);//大寫
NSLog(@"string2:%@",[string2 lowercaseString]);//小寫
NSLog(@"string2:%@",[string2 capitalizedString]);//首字母大小

/*----------------在串中搜索子串----------------*/       

NSString *string1 = @"This is a string";
NSString *string2 = @"string";
NSRange range = [string1 rangeOfString:string2];
int location = range.location;
int leight = range.length;
NSString *astring = [[NSString alloc] initWithString:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"Location:%i,Leight:%i",location,leight]];
NSLog(@"astring:%@",astring);
[astring release];

/*----------------抽取子串 ----------------*/       

//-substringToIndex: 從字符串的開頭一直截取到指定的位置，但不包括該位置的字符
NSString *string1 = @"This is a string";
NSString *string2 = [string1 substringToIndex:3];
NSLog(@"string2:%@",string2);

 

//-substringFromIndex: 以指定位置開始（包括指定位置的字符），並包括之後的全部字符
NSString *string1 = @"This is a string";
NSString *string2 = [string1 substringFromIndex:3];
NSLog(@"string2:%@",string2);

 

//-substringWithRange: //按照所給出的位置，長度，任意地從字符串中截取子串
NSString *string1 = @"This is a string";
NSString *string2 = [string1 substringWithRange:NSMakeRange(0, 4)];
NSLog(@"string2:%@",string2);

//擴展路徑

NSString *Path = @"~/NSData.txt";
NSString *absolutePath = [Path stringByExpandingTildeInPath];
NSLog(@"absolutePath:%@",absolutePath);
NSLog(@"Path:%@",[absolutePath stringByAbbreviatingWithTildeInPath]);

 

//文件擴展名
NSString *Path = @"~/NSData.txt";
NSLog(@"Extension:%@",[Path pathExtension]);

 

/*******************************************************************************************
NSMutableString
*******************************************************************************************/   

/*---------------給字符串分配容量----------------*/
//stringWithCapacity:
NSMutableString *String;
String = [NSMutableString stringWithCapacity:40];

/*---------------在已有字符串後面添加字符----------------*/   

//appendString: and appendFormat:

NSMutableString *String1 = [[NSMutableString alloc] initWithString:@"This is a NSMutableString"];
//[String1 appendString:@", I will be adding some character"];
[String1 appendFormat:[NSString stringWithFormat:@", I will be adding some character"]];
NSLog(@"String1:%@",String1);
*/

/*--------在已有字符串中按照所給出范圍和長度刪除字符------*/   
/*
//deleteCharactersInRange:
NSMutableString *String1 = [[NSMutableString alloc] initWithString:@"This is a NSMutableString"];
[String1 deleteCharactersInRange:NSMakeRange(0, 5)];
NSLog(@"String1:%@",String1);

 

/*--------在已有字符串後面在所指定的位置中插入給出的字符串------*/

//-insertString: atIndex:
NSMutableString *String1 = [[NSMutableString alloc] initWithString:@"This is a NSMutableString"];
[String1 insertString:@"Hi! " atIndex:0];
NSLog(@"String1:%@",String1);

 

/*--------將已有的空符串換成其它的字符串------*/

//-setString:
NSMutableString *String1 = [[NSMutableString alloc] initWithString:@"This is a NSMutableString"];
[String1 setString:@"Hello Word!"];
NSLog(@"String1:%@",String1);

 

/*--------按照所給出的范圍，和字符串替換的原有的字符------*/

//-setString:
NSMutableString *String1 = [[NSMutableString alloc] initWithString:@"This is a NSMutableString"];
[String1 replaceCharactersInRange:NSMakeRange(0, 4) withString:@"That"];
NSLog(@"String1:%@",String1);

 

/*-------------判斷字符串內是否還包含別的字符串(前綴，後綴)-------------*/
//01：檢查字符串是否以另一個字符串開頭- (BOOL) hasPrefix: (NSString *) aString;
NSString *String1 = @"NSStringInformation.txt";
[String1 hasPrefix:@"NSString"] = = 1 ?  NSLog(@"YES") : NSLog(@"NO");
[String1 hasSuffix:@".txt"] = = 1 ?  NSLog(@"YES") : NSLog(@"NO");

//02：查找字符串某處是否包含其它字符串 - (NSRange) rangeOfString: (NSString *) aString，這一點前面在串中搜索子串用到過;

 

/*******************************************************************************************
NSArray
*******************************************************************************************/

/*---------------------------創建數組------------------------------*/
//NSArray *array = [[NSArray alloc] initWithObjects:
@"One",@"Two",@"Three",@"Four",nil];

self.dataArray = array;
[array release];

//- (unsigned) Count;數組所包含對象個數；
NSLog(@"self.dataArray cound:%d",[self.dataArray count]);

//- (id) objectAtIndex: (unsigned int) index;獲取指定索引處的對象;
NSLog(@"self.dataArray cound 2:%@",[self.dataArray objectAtIndex:2]);

/*--------------------------從一個數組拷貝數據到另一數組(可變數級)----------------------------*/   

//arrayWithArray:
//NSArray *array1 = [[NSArray alloc] init];
NSMutableArray *MutableArray = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init];
NSArray *array = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:
@"a",@"b",@"c",nil];
NSLog(@"array:%@",array);
MutableArray = [NSMutableArray arrayWithArray:array];
NSLog(@"MutableArray:%@",MutableArray);

array1 = [NSArray arrayWithArray:array];
NSLog(@"array1:%@",array1);

//Copy

//id obj;
NSMutableArray *newArray = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init];
NSArray *oldArray = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:
@"a",@"b",@"c",@"d",@"e",@"f",@"g",@"h",nil];

NSLog(@"oldArray:%@",oldArray);
for(int i = 0; i < [oldArray count]; i++)
{       
obj = [[oldArray objectAtIndex:i] copy];
[newArray addObject: obj];
}
//    
NSLog(@"newArray:%@", newArray);
[newArray release];

//快速枚舉

//NSMutableArray *newArray = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init];
NSArray *oldArray = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:
@"a",@"b",@"c",@"d",@"e",@"f",@"g",@"h",nil];   
NSLog(@"oldArray:%@",oldArray);

for(id obj in oldArray)
{
[newArray addObject: obj];
}
//    
NSLog(@"newArray:%@", newArray);
[newArray release];   

//Deep copy

//NSMutableArray *newArray = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init];
NSArray *oldArray = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:
@"a",@"b",@"c",@"d",@"e",@"f",@"g",@"h",nil];   
NSLog(@"oldArray:%@",oldArray);   
newArray = (NSMutableArray*)CFPropertyListCreateDeepCopy(kCFAllocatorDefault, (CFPropertyListRef)oldArray, kCFPropertyListMutableContainers);
NSLog(@"newArray:%@", newArray);
[newArray release];   

//Copy and sort

//NSMutableArray *newArray = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init];
NSArray *oldArray = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:
@"b",@"a",@"e",@"d",@"c",@"f",@"h",@"g",nil];   
NSLog(@"oldArray:%@",oldArray);
NSEnumerator *enumerator;
enumerator = [oldArray objectEnumerator];
id obj;
while(obj = [enumerator nextObject])
{
[newArray addObject: obj];
}
[newArray sortUsingSelector:@selector(compare:)];
NSLog(@"newArray:%@", newArray);
[newArray release];

 

/*---------------------------切分數組------------------------------*/

//從字符串分割到數組－ componentsSeparatedByString:
NSString *string = [[NSString alloc] initWithString:@"One,Two,Three,Four"];
NSLog(@"string:%@",string);   
NSArray *array = [string componentsSeparatedByString:@","];
NSLog(@"array:%@",array);
[string release];

//從數組合並元素到字符串- componentsJoinedByString:
NSArray *array = [[NSArray alloc] initWithObjects:@"One",@"Two",@"Three",@"Four",nil];
NSString *string = [array componentsJoinedByString:@","];
NSLog(@"string:%@",string);

 

/*******************************************************************************************
NSMutableArray
*******************************************************************************************/
/*---------------給數組分配容量----------------*/
//NSArray *array;
array = [NSMutableArray arrayWithCapacity:20];

 

/*--------------在數組末尾添加對象----------------*/
//- (void) addObject: (id) anObject;
//NSMutableArray *array = [NSMutableArray arrayWithObjects:
@"One",@"Two",@"Three",nil];
[array addObject:@"Four"];
NSLog(@"array:%@",array);

 

/*--------------刪除數組中指定索引處對象----------------*/   
//-(void) removeObjectAtIndex: (unsigned) index;   
//NSMutableArray *array = [NSMutableArray arrayWithObjects:
@"One",@"Two",@"Three",nil];
[array removeObjectAtIndex:1];
NSLog(@"array:%@",array);

 

/*-------------數組枚舉---------------*/   
//- (NSEnumerator *)objectEnumerator;從前向後
//NSMutableArray *array = [NSMutableArray arrayWithObjects:
@"One",@"Two",@"Three",nil];
NSEnumerator *enumerator;
enumerator = [array objectEnumerator];

id thingie;
while (thingie = [enumerator nextObject]) {
NSLog(@"thingie:%@",thingie);
}

//- (NSEnumerator *)reverseObjectEnumerator;從後向前
//NSMutableArray *array = [NSMutableArray arrayWithObjects:
@"One",@"Two",@"Three",nil];
NSEnumerator *enumerator;
enumerator = [array reverseObjectEnumerator];

id object;
while (object = [enumerator nextObject]) {
NSLog(@"object:%@",object);
}

//快速枚舉
//NSMutableArray *array = [NSMutableArray arrayWithObjects:
@"One",@"Two",@"Three",nil];
for(NSString *string in array)
{
NSLog(@"string:%@",string);
}

 

/*******************************************************************************************
NSDictionary
*******************************************************************************************/

/*------------------------------------創建字典------------------------------------*/
//- (id) initWithObjectsAndKeys;

//NSDictionary *dictionary = [[NSDictionary alloc] initWithObjectsAndKeys:@"One",@"1",@"Two",@"2",@"Three",@"3",nil];
NSString *string = [dictionary objectForKey:@"One"];
NSLog(@"string:%@",string);
NSLog(@"dictionary:%@",dictionary);
[dictionary release];

/*******************************************************************************************
NSMutableDictionary
*******************************************************************************************/

/*------------------------------------創建可變字典------------------------------------*/   
//創建
NSMutableDictionary *dictionary = [NSMutableDictionary dictionary];

//添加字典
[dictionary setObject:@"One" forKey:@"1"];
[dictionary setObject:@"Two" forKey:@"2"];
[dictionary setObject:@"Three" forKey:@"3"];
[dictionary setObject:@"Four" forKey:@"4"];
NSLog(@"dictionary:%@",dictionary);

//刪除指定的字典
[dictionary removeObjectForKey:@"3"];
NSLog(@"dictionary:%@",dictionary);

/*******************************************************************************************
NSValue（對任何對象進行包裝）
*******************************************************************************************/

/*--------------------------------將NSRect放入NSArray中------------------------------------*/   
//將NSRect放入NSArray中
NSMutableArray *array = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init];
NSValue *value;
CGRect rect = CGRectMake(0, 0, 320, 480);   
value = [NSValue valueWithBytes:&rect objCType:@encode(CGRect)];
[array addObject:value];
NSLog(@"array:%@",array);

//從Array中提取
value = [array objectAtIndex:0];
[value getValue:&rect];
NSLog(@"value:%@",value);

/*******************************************************************************************
從目錄搜索擴展名為jpg的文件
*******************************************************************************************/

//NSFileManager *fileManager = [NSFileManager defaultManager];
NSString *home;
home = @"../Users/";

NSDirectoryEnumerator *direnum;
direnum = [fileManager enumeratorAtPath: home];

NSMutableArray *files = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init];

//枚舉
NSString *filename;
while (filename = [direnum nextObject]) {
if([[filename pathExtension] hasSuffix:@"jpg"]){
[files addObject:filename];
}
}

//快速枚舉
//for(NSString *filename in direnum)
//{
//    if([[filename pathExtension] isEqualToString:@"jpg"]){
//        [files addObject:filename];
//    }
//}
NSLog(@"files:%@",files);

//枚舉
NSEnumerator *filenum;
filenum = [files objectEnumerator];
while (filename = [filenum nextObject]) {
NSLog(@"filename:%@",filename);
}

//快速枚舉
//for(id object in files)
//{
//    NSLog(@"object:%@",object);
//}