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iOS開發中實現一個簡單的圖片浏覽器的實例講解

編輯:IOS開發綜合

一、程序實現要求

1.要求

201611392120159.png (663×410)

2. 界面分析

(1) 需要讀取或修改屬性的控件需要設置屬性

  • 序號標簽
  • 圖片
  • 圖片描述
  • 左邊按鈕
  • 右邊按鈕

(2) 需要監聽響應事件的對象,需要添加監聽方法

  • 左邊按鈕
  • 右邊按鈕

二、實現基本功能的程序
復制代碼 代碼如下:
//
//  YYViewController.m
//  03-圖片浏覽器初步
//
//  Created by apple on 14-5-21.
//  Copyright (c) 2014年 itcase. All rights reserved.
//

#import "YYViewController.h"

#define POTOIMGW    200
#define POTOIMGH    300
#define POTOIMGX    60
#define  POTOIMGY    50


@interface YYViewController ()

//變量聲明!
@property(nonatomic,strong)UILabel *firstlab;
@property(nonatomic,strong)UILabel *lastlab;
@property(nonatomic,strong)UIImageView *icon;
@property(nonatomic,strong)UIButton *leftbtn;
@property(nonatomic,strong)UIButton *rightbtn;

-(void)change;
@property(nonatomic ,assign)int i;
@end

@implementation YYViewController

- (void)viewDidLoad
{
    [super viewDidLoad];
    self.i=0;
    //創建一個用來顯示序號的lable控件
    UILabel *headlab=[[UILabel alloc]initWithFrame:CGRectMake(20, 10, 300, 30)];
   
  // [headlab setText:@"1/5"];
    [headlab setTextAlignment:NSTextAlignmentCenter];
    [headlab setTextColor:[UIColor blackColor]];
   
    [self.view addSubview:headlab];
    self.firstlab=headlab;
   
   
   
    //創建一個裝載圖片的控件
    UIImageView *potoimg=[[UIImageView alloc]initWithFrame:CGRectMake(POTOIMGX, POTOIMGY, POTOIMGW, POTOIMGH)];
   
    UIImage *image=[UIImage imageNamed:@"biaoqingdi"];
    potoimg.image=image;
   
    [self.view addSubview:potoimg];
    self.icon=potoimg;
   
   
   
    //創建最下邊的描述圖片的lable控件
    UILabel *desclab=[[UILabel alloc]initWithFrame:CGRectMake(20, 400, 300, 30)];
   // [desclab setText:@"表情弱爆了!"];
    [desclab setTextAlignment:NSTextAlignmentCenter];
    [self.view addSubview:desclab];
    self.lastlab=desclab;
   
   
    //創建兩個方向鍵按鈕
    //設置為自定義類型
    //1.使用類創建對象
    UIButton *leftbtn=[UIButton buttonWithType:UIButtonTypeCustom];
   
    //2.設置對象的屬性(不要忘記設置坐標)
    leftbtn.frame=CGRectMake(0, self.view.center.y, 40, 40);
    [leftbtn setBackgroundImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"left_normal"] forState:UIControlStateNormal];
    [leftbtn setBackgroundImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"left_highlighted"] forState:UIControlStateHighlighted];
   
    //3.提交對象到視圖
    [self.view addSubview:leftbtn];
   
    self.leftbtn=leftbtn;
    [leftbtn addTarget:self action:@selector(leftclick:) forControlEvents:UIControlEventTouchUpInside];
   
   
    UIButton *rightbtn=[UIButton buttonWithType:UIButtonTypeCustom];
   
    rightbtn.frame=CGRectMake(POTOIMGX+POTOIMGW+10, self.view.center.y, 40, 40);
    [rightbtn setBackgroundImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"right_normal"] forState:UIControlStateNormal];
    [rightbtn setBackgroundImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"right_highlighted"] forState:UIControlStateHighlighted];
   
    [self.view addSubview:rightbtn];
   
    self.rightbtn=rightbtn;
    [rightbtn addTarget:self action:@selector(rightclick:) forControlEvents:UIControlEventTouchUpInside];
   
    //這是一個初始化方法,調用change可以完成初始化的工作
    [self change];
}

-(void)change
{
    [self.firstlab setText:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"%d/5",self.i+1]];
    switch (self.i) {
        case 0:
            self.lastlab.text=@"什麼表情都弱爆了!";
            self.icon.image=[UIImage imageNamed:@"biaoqingdi"];
            break;
        case 1:
            self.lastlab.text=@"病例";
            self.icon.image=[UIImage imageNamed:@"bingli"];
            break;
        case 2:
           self.lastlab.text=@"王八";
            self.icon.image=[UIImage imageNamed:@"wangba"];
            break;
        case 3:
           self.lastlab.text=@"吃牛扒";
            self.icon.image=[UIImage imageNamed:@"chiniupa"];
            break;
        case 4:
             self.lastlab.text=@"蛋疼!";
            self.icon.image=[UIImage imageNamed:@"danteng"];
            break;
    }
    //控制按鈕的點擊,如果為5則右鍵失效,如果為1,則左鍵失效
    self.leftbtn.enabled=(self.i!=0);
    self.rightbtn.enabled=(self.i!=4);

}

//向右按鍵
-(void)rightclick:(UIButton *)btn
{
    self.i++;
    [self change];
    //NSLog(@"點我了");
}
-(void)leftclick:(UIButton *)btn
{
    self.i--;
    [self change];
}
- (void)didReceiveMemoryWarning
{
    [super didReceiveMemoryWarning];
    // Dispose of any resources that can be recreated.
}

@end

三、程序優化
復制代碼 代碼如下:
//
//  YYViewController.m
//  03-圖片浏覽器初步
//
//  Created by apple on 14-5-21.
//  Copyright (c) 2014年 itcase. All rights reserved.
//

#import "YYViewController.h"

#define POTOIMGW    200
#define POTOIMGH    300
#define POTOIMGX    60
#define  POTOIMGY    50


@interface YYViewController ()

//變量聲明!
@property(nonatomic,strong)UILabel *firstlab;
@property(nonatomic,strong)UILabel *lastlab;
@property(nonatomic,strong)UIImageView *icon;
@property(nonatomic,strong)UIButton *leftbtn;
@property(nonatomic,strong)UIButton *rightbtn;

@property(nonatomic,strong)NSArray *array;

-(void)change;
@property(nonatomic ,assign)int i;
@end

復制代碼 代碼如下:
@implementation YYViewController

- (void)viewDidLoad
{
    [super viewDidLoad];
    self.i=0;
    //創建一個用來顯示序號的lable控件
    UILabel *headlab=[[UILabel alloc]initWithFrame:CGRectMake(20, 10, 300, 30)];
   
  // [headlab setText:@"1/5"];
    [headlab setTextAlignment:NSTextAlignmentCenter];
    [headlab setTextColor:[UIColor blackColor]];
   
    [self.view addSubview:headlab];
    self.firstlab=headlab;
   
   
   
    //創建一個裝載圖片的控件
    UIImageView *potoimg=[[UIImageView alloc]initWithFrame:CGRectMake(POTOIMGX, POTOIMGY, POTOIMGW, POTOIMGH)];
   
    UIImage *image=[UIImage imageNamed:@"biaoqingdi"];
    potoimg.image=image;
   
    [self.view addSubview:potoimg];
    self.icon=potoimg;
   
   
   
    //創建最下邊的描述圖片的lable控件
    UILabel *desclab=[[UILabel alloc]initWithFrame:CGRectMake(20, 400, 300, 30)];
   // [desclab setText:@"表情弱爆了!"];
    [desclab setTextAlignment:NSTextAlignmentCenter];
    [self.view addSubview:desclab];
    self.lastlab=desclab;
   
   
   
    //創建兩個方向鍵按鈕
    //設置為自定義類型
    //1.使用類創建對象
    UIButton *leftbtn=[UIButton buttonWithType:UIButtonTypeCustom];
   
    //2.設置對象的屬性(不要忘記設置坐標)
    leftbtn.frame=CGRectMake(0, self.view.center.y, 40, 40);
    [leftbtn setBackgroundImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"left_normal"] forState:UIControlStateNormal];
    [leftbtn setBackgroundImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"left_highlighted"] forState:UIControlStateHighlighted];
   
    //3.提交對象到視圖
    [self.view addSubview:leftbtn];
   
    self.leftbtn=leftbtn;
    [leftbtn addTarget:self action:@selector(leftclick:) forControlEvents:UIControlEventTouchUpInside];
   
   
    UIButton *rightbtn=[UIButton buttonWithType:UIButtonTypeCustom];
   
    rightbtn.frame=CGRectMake(POTOIMGX+POTOIMGW+10, self.view.center.y, 40, 40);
    [rightbtn setBackgroundImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"right_normal"] forState:UIControlStateNormal];
    [rightbtn setBackgroundImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"right_highlighted"] forState:UIControlStateHighlighted];
   
    [self.view addSubview:rightbtn];
   
    self.rightbtn=rightbtn;
    [rightbtn addTarget:self action:@selector(rightclick:) forControlEvents:UIControlEventTouchUpInside];
    //放在這裡的話,只會創建一次,但是這個部分和[self change];部分有很嚴格的順序要求,並不人性化,可以考慮使用懶加載特性
//    NSDictionary *dict1=@{@"name": @"biaoqingdi",@"desc":@"什麼表情都弱爆了!"};
//    NSDictionary *dict2=@{@"name": @"bingli",@"desc":@"病例"};
//    NSDictionary *dict3=@{@"name": @"wangba",@"desc":@"烏龜"};
//    NSDictionary *dict4=@{@"name": @"chiniupa",@"desc":@"吃牛扒"};
//    NSDictionary *dict5=@{@"name": @"danteng",@"desc":@"蛋疼"};
//   
//    self.array=@[dict1,dict2,dict3,dict4,dict5];
    //這是一個初始化方法,調用change可以完成初始化的工作
    [self change];
}

-(void)change
{
    //每次調用都需要創建?有沒有什麼解決辦法?
//    NSDictionary *dict1=@{@"name": @"biaoqingdi",@"desc":@"什麼表情都弱爆了!"};
//    NSDictionary *dict2=@{@"name": @"bingli",@"desc":@"病例"};
//    NSDictionary *dict3=@{@"name": @"wangba",@"desc":@"烏龜"};
//    NSDictionary *dict4=@{@"name": @"chiniupa",@"desc":@"吃牛扒"};
//    NSDictionary *dict5=@{@"name": @"danteng",@"desc":@"蛋疼"};
//   
//    NSArray *array=@[dict1,dict2,dict3,dict4,dict5];
   
   
    //設置照片
    //先根據self.i取出數組中的元素,再取出元素(字典)中鍵值對應的值
//    self.icon.image=[UIImage imageNamed:array[self.i][@"name"]];
//    self.lastlab.text=array[self.i][@"desc"];
   // NSLog(@"%@",array[self.i][@"desc"]);
   
    self.icon.image=[UIImage imageNamed:self.array[self.i][@"name"]];
    self.lastlab.text=self.array[self.i][@"desc"];
   
    [self.firstlab setText:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"%d/5",self.i+1]];
   
//    switch (self.i) {
//        case 0:
//            self.lastlab.text=@"什麼表情都弱爆了!";
//            self.icon.image=[UIImage imageNamed:@"biaoqingdi"];
//            break;
//        case 1:
//            self.lastlab.text=@"病例";
//            self.icon.image=[UIImage imageNamed:@"bingli"];
//            break;
//        case 2:
//           self.lastlab.text=@"王八";
//            self.icon.image=[UIImage imageNamed:@"wangba"];
//            break;
//        case 3:
//           self.lastlab.text=@"吃牛扒";
//            self.icon.image=[UIImage imageNamed:@"chiniupa"];
//            break;
//        case 4:
//             self.lastlab.text=@"蛋疼!";
//            self.icon.image=[UIImage imageNamed:@"danteng"];
//            break;
//    }
    //控制按鈕的點擊,如果為5則右鍵失效,如果為1,則左鍵失效
    self.leftbtn.enabled=(self.i!=0);
    self.rightbtn.enabled=(self.i!=4);

}

//array的get方法
-(NSArray *)array
{
    NSLog(@"需要獲取數組");
    //只實例化一次
    if (_array==nil) {
        NSLog(@"實例化數組");
        NSDictionary *dict1=@{@"name": @"biaoqingdi",@"desc":@"什麼表情都弱爆了!"};
        NSDictionary *dict2=@{@"name": @"bingli",@"desc":@"病例"};
        NSDictionary *dict3=@{@"name": @"wangba",@"desc":@"烏龜"};
        NSDictionary *dict4=@{@"name": @"chiniupa",@"desc":@"吃牛扒"};
        NSDictionary *dict5=@{@"name": @"danteng",@"desc":@"蛋疼"};
        _array=@[dict1,dict2,dict3,dict4,dict5];
    }
//    NSDictionary *dict1=@{@"name": @"biaoqingdi",@"desc":@"什麼表情都弱爆了!"};
//    NSDictionary *dict2=@{@"name": @"bingli",@"desc":@"病例"};
//    NSDictionary *dict3=@{@"name": @"wangba",@"desc":@"烏龜"};
//    NSDictionary *dict4=@{@"name": @"chiniupa",@"desc":@"吃牛扒"};
//    NSDictionary *dict5=@{@"name": @"danteng",@"desc":@"蛋疼"};
   
   // _array=@[dict1,dict2,dict3,dict4,dict5];
    return _array;
}

//向右按鍵
-(void)rightclick:(UIButton *)btn
{
    self.i++;
    [self change];
}

//向左按鍵
-(void)leftclick:(UIButton *)btn
{
    self.i--;
    [self change];
}


- (void)didReceiveMemoryWarning
{
    [super didReceiveMemoryWarning];
}

@end

說明:

1> 定義控件屬性,注意:屬性必須是strong的,示例代碼如下:
復制代碼 代碼如下:
@property (nonatomic, strong) UIImageView *icon;

2> 在屬性的getter方法中實現懶加載,示例代碼如下:
復制代碼 代碼如下:
- (UIImageView *)icon

{

    if (!_icon) {

        // 計算位置參數

        CGFloat imageW = 200;

        CGFloat imageX = (320 - imageW) / 2;

        CGFloat imageH = 200;

        CGFloat imageY = 80;

        // 實例化圖像視圖

        _icon = [[UIImageView alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(imageX, imageY, imageW, imageH)];

        // 將圖像視圖添加到主視圖

        [self.view addSubview:_icon];

    }

    return _icon;

}

四、使用plist文件

(1)使用Plist文件的目的:將數據與代碼分離

(2)加載方法:
復制代碼 代碼如下:
NSString *path = [[NSBundle mainBundle] pathForResource:@"ImageData" ofType:@"plist"];

_imageList = [NSArray arrayWithContentsOfFile:path];

提示:通常在方法中出現File字眼,通常需要傳遞文件的全路徑作為參數

(3)代碼示例
復制代碼 代碼如下:
//
//  YYViewController.m
//  03-圖片浏覽器初步
//
//  Created by apple on 14-5-21.
//  Copyright (c) 2014年 itcase. All rights reserved.
//

#import "YYViewController.h"

#define POTOIMGW    200
#define POTOIMGH    300
#define POTOIMGX    60
#define  POTOIMGY    50


@interface YYViewController ()

//變量聲明!
@property(nonatomic,strong)UILabel *firstlab;
@property(nonatomic,strong)UILabel *lastlab;
@property(nonatomic,strong)UIImageView *icon;
@property(nonatomic,strong)UIButton *leftbtn;
@property(nonatomic,strong)UIButton *rightbtn;

@property(nonatomic,strong)NSArray *array;

-(void)change;
@property(nonatomic ,assign)int i;
@end

復制代碼 代碼如下:
@implementation YYViewController

- (void)viewDidLoad
{
    [super viewDidLoad];
    self.i=0;
    //創建一個用來顯示序號的lable控件
    UILabel *headlab=[[UILabel alloc]initWithFrame:CGRectMake(20, 10, 300, 30)];
   
  // [headlab setText:@"1/5"];
    [headlab setTextAlignment:NSTextAlignmentCenter];
    [headlab setTextColor:[UIColor blackColor]];
   
    [self.view addSubview:headlab];
    self.firstlab=headlab;
   
   
   
    //創建一個裝載圖片的控件
    UIImageView *potoimg=[[UIImageView alloc]initWithFrame:CGRectMake(POTOIMGX, POTOIMGY, POTOIMGW, POTOIMGH)];
   
    UIImage *image=[UIImage imageNamed:@"biaoqingdi"];
    potoimg.image=image;
   
    [self.view addSubview:potoimg];
    self.icon=potoimg;
   
    //創建最下邊的描述圖片的lable控件
    UILabel *desclab=[[UILabel alloc]initWithFrame:CGRectMake(20, 400, 300, 30)];
   // [desclab setText:@"表情弱爆了!"];
    [desclab setTextAlignment:NSTextAlignmentCenter];
    [self.view addSubview:desclab];
    self.lastlab=desclab;
   
   
    //創建兩個方向鍵按鈕
    //設置為自定義類型
    //1.使用類創建對象
    UIButton *leftbtn=[UIButton buttonWithType:UIButtonTypeCustom];
   
    //2.設置對象的屬性(不要忘記設置坐標)
    leftbtn.frame=CGRectMake(0, self.view.center.y, 40, 40);
    [leftbtn setBackgroundImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"left_normal"] forState:UIControlStateNormal];
    [leftbtn setBackgroundImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"left_highlighted"] forState:UIControlStateHighlighted];
   
    //3.提交對象到視圖
    [self.view addSubview:leftbtn];
   
    self.leftbtn=leftbtn;
    [leftbtn addTarget:self action:@selector(leftclick:) forControlEvents:UIControlEventTouchUpInside];
   
   
    UIButton *rightbtn=[UIButton buttonWithType:UIButtonTypeCustom];
   
    rightbtn.frame=CGRectMake(POTOIMGX+POTOIMGW+10, self.view.center.y, 40, 40);
    [rightbtn setBackgroundImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"right_normal"] forState:UIControlStateNormal];
    [rightbtn setBackgroundImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"right_highlighted"] forState:UIControlStateHighlighted];
   
    [self.view addSubview:rightbtn];
   
    self.rightbtn=rightbtn;
    [rightbtn addTarget:self action:@selector(rightclick:) forControlEvents:UIControlEventTouchUpInside];
    [self change];
}

-(void)change
{
    self.icon.image=[UIImage imageNamed:self.array[self.i][@"name"]];
    self.lastlab.text=self.array[self.i][@"desc"];
   
    [self.firstlab setText:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"%d/5",self.i+1]];
   
    self.leftbtn.enabled=(self.i!=0);
    self.rightbtn.enabled=(self.i!=4);

}

//array的get方法
-(NSArray *)array
{
    NSLog(@"需要獲取數組");
    //只實例化一次
    if (_array==nil) {
    
        NSString *path=[[NSBundle mainBundle] pathForResource:@"data" ofType:@"plist"];
        //數組的數據從文件獲取
       // _array=[NSArray arrayWithContentsOfFile:path];
        _array=[[NSArray alloc]initWithContentsOfFile:path];
        //打印查看包的位置
        NSLog(@"%@",path);
       
       NSLog(@"實例化數組");
    }

    return _array;
}

//向右按鍵
-(void)rightclick:(UIButton *)btn
{
    self.i++;
    [self change];
}

//向左按鍵
-(void)leftclick:(UIButton *)btn
{
    self.i--;
    [self change];
}

- (void)didReceiveMemoryWarning
{
    [super didReceiveMemoryWarning];
}

@end

(4)plist文件

201611392221000.png (868×338)

(5)實現效果

201611392239226.png (640×960)

五、補充

開發思路:

1.完成基本功能

2.考慮性能

(1)(初始化操作,可以直接調用change進行)

(2)因為要控制序號和圖片兩個變量,所以考慮使用字典代替掉switch

(3)每次點擊,字典都需要創建一次,效率地下,可以考慮創建的這部分拿到初始化方法中去,這樣就只需要創建一次就ok了。

(4)考慮缺點(對代碼的順序要求極其嚴格)

(5)懶加載(需要的時候才加載,那麼什麼時候是需要的時候,及調用get方法的時候)

(6)每次都來一下?效率低下—》只有第一次調用get方法時為空,此時實例化並建立數組,其他時候直接返回成員變量(僅僅執行一次)

注意點:

1.方法的調用堆棧(順序)。

2.使用plist:讓數據的操作更加靈活,把數據弄到外面去,解除耦合性,讓耦合性不要太強。實際上是一個xml,是蘋果定義的一種特殊格式的xml。

3.bundle-包(只讀)

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