iOS時間字符串格式化輸出技巧詳解
編輯：IOS開發綜合
一.前言
最近項目開發過程中用到了大量的關於時間的處理,將後台返回的時間字符串轉換為指定的格式時間再顯示在UI上.
例如: 將後台返回的時間字符串2017-04-16 13:08:06轉換為:2017年04月16日、2017年04月、04月16日、2017-04-16、2017-04、04-16、13:08、星期幾等等.
項目是多人開發,由於前期沒有統一處理時間轉換的問題,後期發現項目中好多關於時間轉換的代碼,大部分都是通過(- : 等字符)截取成字符串數組再取相應時間拼接成指定格式,輸出在UI顯示的地方,代碼非常的臃腫,並且這種方式非常不可取.
原因:後台返回的時間字符串 並不都是 2017-04-16 13:08:06這種格式,還有2017-04-16這種格式,截取前需要長度格式等校驗,多了很多校驗代碼.非常不可取.
既然是時間,我們便要通過時間的思維來完成轉換問題,不要通過截取字符串的方式
於是我便寫了一個類,來統一處理轉換問題.
二.效果
具體怎麼操作:
三.將時間字符串->NSDate
首先我們要將2017-04-16 13:08:06或2017-04-16這種格式時間字符串轉換為NSDate
我們新建一個NSDate的Category,筆者取名為NSDate+XHCategory,寫一個時間字符串->NSDate方法,代碼如下:
+(NSDate*)xh_dateWithFormat_yyyy_MM_dd_HH_mm_ss_string:(NSString *)string
{
NSDateFormatter* dateFormat = [[NSDateFormatter alloc] init];
[dateFormat setDateFormat:@"yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"];
NSDate *date =[dateFormat dateFromString:string];
return date;
}
為了兼用其他格式時間字符串,我們把可能的情況都寫上,如下
+(NSDate *)xh_dateWithFormat_yyyy_MM_dd_HH_mm_string:(NSString *)string
{
NSDateFormatter* dateFormat = [[NSDateFormatter alloc] init];
[dateFormat setDateFormat:@"yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm"];
NSDate *date =[dateFormat dateFromString:string];
return date;
}
+(NSDate *)xh_dateWithFormat_yyyy_MM_dd_HH_string:(NSString *)string
{
NSDateFormatter* dateFormat = [[NSDateFormatter alloc] init];
[dateFormat setDateFormat:@"yyyy-MM-dd HH"];
NSDate *date =[dateFormat dateFromString:string];
return date;
}
+(NSDate *)xh_dateWithFormat_yyyy_MM_dd_string:(NSString *)string
{
NSDateFormatter* dateFormat = [[NSDateFormatter alloc] init];
[dateFormat setDateFormat:@"yyyy-MM-dd"];
NSDate *date =[dateFormat dateFromString:string];
return date;
}
+(NSDate *)xh_dateWithFormat_yyyy_MM_string:(NSString *)string
{
NSDateFormatter* dateFormat = [[NSDateFormatter alloc] init];
[dateFormat setDateFormat:@"yyyy-MM"];
NSDate *date =[dateFormat dateFromString:string];
return date;
}
再寫一個統一轉換時間字符串為 NSDate的方法,如下:
+(NSDate *)xh_dateWithDateString:(NSString *)dateString
{
NSDate *date = nil;
date = [self xh_dateWithFormat_yyyy_MM_dd_HH_mm_ss_string:dateString];
if(date) return date;
date = [self xh_dateWithFormat_yyyy_MM_dd_HH_mm_string:dateString];
if(date) return date;
date = [self xh_dateWithFormat_yyyy_MM_dd_HH_string:dateString];
if(date) return date;
date = [self xh_dateWithFormat_yyyy_MM_dd_string:dateString];
if(date) return date;
date = [self xh_dateWithFormat_yyyy_MM_string:dateString];
if(date) return date;
return nil;
}
四.將NSDate -> NSDateFormatter
為什麼要再轉換為NSDateFormatter,有些人可能已經明白了,我們點開NSDateFormatter可以看到NSDateFormatter有以下屬性
@property (nullable, copy) NSCalendar *calendar NS_AVAILABLE(10_7, 4_0); @property (nullable, copy) NSTimeZone *timeZone NS_AVAILABLE(10_7, 4_0); @property NSInteger era; @property NSInteger year; @property NSInteger month; @property NSInteger day; @property NSInteger hour; @property NSInteger minute; @property NSInteger second; @property NSInteger nanosecond NS_AVAILABLE(10_7, 5_0); @property NSInteger weekday; @property NSInteger weekdayOrdinal; @property NSInteger quarter NS_AVAILABLE(10_6, 4_0); @property NSInteger weekOfMonth NS_AVAILABLE(10_7, 5_0); @property NSInteger weekOfYear NS_AVAILABLE(10_7, 5_0); @property NSInteger yearForWeekOfYear NS_AVAILABLE(10_7, 5_0); @property (getter=isLeapMonth) BOOL leapMonth NS_AVAILABLE(10_8, 6_0); @property (nullable, readonly, copy) NSDate *date NS_AVAILABLE(10_7, 4_0); @end
我們新建一個NSDateComponents 的Category,筆者取名NSDateComponents+XHCategory,並實現如下方法:
+(NSDateComponents *)xh_dateComponentsFromDate:(NSDate *)date
{
NSDateComponents *components = [[NSCalendar currentCalendar] components:NSCalendarUnitYear| NSCalendarUnitMonth | NSCalendarUnitDay | NSCalendarUnitWeekOfYear | NSCalendarUnitHour | NSCalendarUnitMinute | NSCalendarUnitSecond | NSCalendarUnitWeekday | NSCalendarUnitWeekdayOrdinal fromDate:date];
return components;
}
接著我們就可以進行轉換操作了,我們新建一個NSString的Category,筆者取名NSString+XHDateFormat
在NSString+XHDateFormat.h文件中寫上需要轉換的類型如下:
/** * x年x月x日 */ @property(nonatomic,copy,readonly)NSString *xh_formatNianYueRi; /** * x年x月 */ @property(nonatomic,copy,readonly)NSString *xh_formatNianYue; /** * x月x日 */ @property(nonatomic,copy,readonly)NSString *xh_formatYueRi; /** * x年 */ @property(nonatomic,copy,readonly)NSString *xh_formatNian; /** * x時x分x秒 */ @property(nonatomic,copy,readonly)NSString *xh_formatShiFenMiao; /** * x時x分 */ @property(nonatomic,copy,readonly)NSString *xh_formatShiFen; /** * x分x秒 */ @property(nonatomic,copy,readonly)NSString *xh_formatFenMiao; /** * yyyy-MM-dd */ @property(nonatomic,copy,readonly)NSString *xh_format_yyyy_MM_dd; /** * yyyy-MM */ @property(nonatomic,copy,readonly)NSString *xh_format_yyyy_MM; /** * MM-dd */ @property(nonatomic,copy,readonly)NSString *xh_format_MM_dd; /** * yyyy */ @property(nonatomic,copy,readonly)NSString *xh_format_yyyy; /** * HH:mm:ss */ @property(nonatomic,copy,readonly)NSString *xh_format_HH_mm_ss; /** * HH:mm */ @property(nonatomic,copy,readonly)NSString *xh_format_HH_mm; /** * mm:ss */ @property(nonatomic,copy,readonly)NSString *xh_format_mm_ss; #pragma mark - 轉換為星期幾 @property(nonatomic,copy,readonly)NSString *xh_formatWeekDay;
在 NSString+XHDateFormat.m 實現如下:
-(NSString *)xh_formatNianYueRi
{
NSDate *date = [NSDate xh_dateWithDateString:self];
return [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%ld年%02ld月%02ld日",date.year,date.month,date.day];
}
-(NSString *)xh_formatNianYue
{
NSDate *date = [NSDate xh_dateWithDateString:self];
return [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%ld年%02ld月",date.year,date.month];
}
-(NSString *)xh_formatYueRi
{
NSDate *date = [NSDate xh_dateWithDateString:self];
return [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%02ld月%02ld月",date.month,date.day];
}
-(NSString *)xh_formatNian
{
NSDate *date = [NSDate xh_dateWithDateString:self];
return [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%ld年",date.year];
}
-(NSString *)xh_formatShiFenMiao
{
NSDate *date = [NSDate xh_dateWithDateString:self];
return [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%ld時%02ld分%02ld秒",date.hour,date.minute,date.seconds];
}
-(NSString *)xh_formatShiFen
{
NSDate *date = [NSDate xh_dateWithDateString:self];
return [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%ld時%02ld分",date.hour,date.minute];
}
-(NSString *)xh_formatFenMiao
{
NSDate *date = [NSDate xh_dateWithDateString:self];
return [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%02ld分%02ld秒",date.minute,date.seconds];
}
-(NSString *)xh_format_yyyy_MM_dd
{
NSDate *date = [NSDate xh_dateWithDateString:self];
return [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%ld-%02ld-%02ld",date.year,date.month,date.day];
}
-(NSString *)xh_format_yyyy_MM
{
NSDate *date = [NSDate xh_dateWithDateString:self];
return [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%ld-%02ld",date.year,date.month];
}
-(NSString *)xh_format_MM_dd
{
NSDate *date = [NSDate xh_dateWithDateString:self];
return [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%02ld-%02ld",date.month,date.day];
}
-(NSString *)xh_format_yyyy
{
NSDate *date = [NSDate xh_dateWithDateString:self];
return [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%ld",date.year];
}
-(NSString *)xh_format_HH_mm_ss
{
NSDate *date = [NSDate xh_dateWithDateString:self];
return [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%02ld:%02ld:%02ld",date.hour,date.minute,date.seconds];
}
-(NSString *)xh_format_HH_mm
{
NSDate *date = [NSDate xh_dateWithDateString:self];
return [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%02ld:%02ld",date.hour,date.minute];
}
-(NSString *)xh_format_mm_ss
{
NSDate *date = [NSDate xh_dateWithDateString:self];
return [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%02ld:%02ld",date.minute,date.seconds];
}
-(NSString *)xh_formatWeekDay
{
NSString *weekStr=nil;
NSDate *date = [NSDate xh_dateWithDateString:self];
switch (date.weekday) {
case 2:
weekStr = @"星期一";
break;
case 3:
weekStr = @"星期二";
break;
case 4:
weekStr = @"星期三";
break;
case 5:
weekStr = @"星期四";
break;
case 6:
weekStr = @"星期五";
break;
case 7:
weekStr = @"星期六";
break;
case 1:
weekStr = @"星期天";
break;
default:
break;
}
return weekStr;
}
五.調用:
self.timeString = @"2017-04-16 13:08:06"; //星期 NSString *time0 = self.timeString.xh_formatWeekDay; //2017年04月16日 NSString *time1 = self.timeString.xh_formatNianYueRi; //2017年04月 NSString *time2 = self.timeString.xh_formatNianYue; //04月16日 NSString *time3 = self.timeString.xh_formatYueRi; //2017年 NSString *time4 = self.timeString.xh_formatNian; //13時08分01秒 NSString *time5 = self.timeString.xh_formatShiFenMiao; //13時08分 NSString *time6 = self.timeString.xh_formatShiFen; //08分01秒 NSString *time7 = self.timeString.xh_formatFenMiao; //2017-04-16 NSString *time8 = self.timeString.xh_format_yyyy_MM_dd; //2017-04 NSString *time9 = self.timeString.xh_format_yyyy_MM; //04-16 NSString *time10 = self.timeString.xh_format_MM_dd; //2017 NSString *time11 = self.timeString.xh_format_yyyy; //13:08:06 NSString *time12 = self.timeString.xh_format_HH_mm_ss; //13:08 NSString *time13 = self.timeString.xh_format_HH_mm; //08:06 NSString *time14 = self.timeString.xh_format_mm_ss;
github地址：https://github.com/CoderZhuXH/XHDate
完整項目下載地址：XHDate_jb51.rar
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